| Functions of Layers | |||
| Layers | Function | ||
| Cyanide Copper | Adhesion | ||
| Clean Surface | |||
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| Acid Copper | Leveling | ||
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| Bronze | Diffusion Barrier | ||
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| Nickel | Diffusion Barrier | ||
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| Gold Strike | Adhesion | ||
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| Karat Gold | Thickness | ||
| Wear Resistance | |||
| Leveling and Brightness | |||
| Cost | |||
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| Color Gold | Desired Color | ||
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| Corrosion Resistance | |||
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| Palladium-Cobalt | Adhesion | ||
| Corrosion Resistance | |||
| Brightness | |||
| Diffusion Barrier | |||
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| Rhodium | Desired Color | ||
| Corrosion Resistance | |||
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| Ruthenium | Desired Color | ||
| Corrosion Resistance | |||
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| Silver | Desired Color | ||
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| PNP | Desired color | ||